boostbook/doc/boostbook.xml
2013-12-26 09:30:15 +00:00

386 lines
17 KiB
XML

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!--
Copyright (c) 2002 Douglas Gregor <doug.gregor -at- gmail.com>
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
-->
<!DOCTYPE part PUBLIC "-//Boost//DTD BoostBook XML V1.0//EN"
"http://www.boost.org/tools/boostbook/dtd/boostbook.dtd">
<part xmlns:xi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" id="boostbook"
last-revision="$Date$">
<partinfo>
<author>
<firstname>Douglas</firstname>
<surname>Gregor</surname>
</author>
<copyright>
<year>2003</year>
<year>2004</year>
<year>2005</year>
<holder>Douglas Gregor</holder>
</copyright>
<legalnotice>
<para>Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
(See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
<ulink url="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</ulink>).
</para>
</legalnotice>
</partinfo>
<title>The BoostBook Documentation Format</title>
<chapter id="boostbook.introduction">
<title>Introduction</title>
<para>The BoostBook documentation format is an extension of <ulink
url="http://www.docbook.org">DocBook</ulink>, an SGML- or
XML-based format for describing documentation. BoostBook augments
DocBook with semantic markup that aids in the documentation of C++
libraries, specifically the <ulink
url="http://www.boost.org">Boost C++ libraries</ulink>, by
providing the ability to express and refer to C++ constructs such
as namespaces, classes, overloaded functions, templates, and
specializations.</para>
<para>
BoostBook offers additional features more specific to its use for
documenting the <ulink url="http://www.boost.org">Boost C++
libraries</ulink>. These features are intended to eliminate or
reduce the need for duplication of information and to aid in
documenting portions of Boost that might otherwise not be
documented. Examples of Boost-centric features include:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="bold">Testsuites</emphasis>:
Testsuites in Boost are created by writing an appropriate
Jamfile and including that Jamfile in
<filename>status/Jamfile</filename>. If the testsuites are
documented (<ulink
url="http://www.boost.org/libs/multi_array/doc/test_cases.html">as
in the MultiArray library</ulink>), the documentation is
maintained separately from the testcase Jamfile, leading to
duplication of information and the possibility of having the
documentation out of sync with the Jamfile. BoostBook
contains elements that describe a testsuite for both
purposes: the BoostBook stylesheets can generate
documentation for the testcases and also generate an
appropriate Jamfile to integrate the testcases with the
regression testing system.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
<para><emphasis role="bold">Example programs</emphasis>:
Example programs in documentation need to be duplicated in
testcases to ensure that the examples compile and execute
correctly. Keeping the two copies in sync is a tedious and
error-prone task. For instance, the following code snippet
persisted for six months:</para>
<programlisting>
std::cout &lt;&lt; f(5, 3) &gt;&gt; std::endl;
</programlisting>
<para>The BoostBook format allows testcases to be generated
by weaving together program fragments from example programs
in the documentation. This capability is integrated with
testsuite generation so that example programs are normal
tests in BoostBook.</para>
</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
</chapter>
<chapter id="boostbook.getting.started">
<title>Getting Started</title>
<para>To use the Boost documentation tools, you will need several tools:</para>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><simpara><command>xsltproc</command>:</simpara>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>Windows with <ulink
url="http://www.cygwin.com/">Cygwin</ulink>: select the libxml2 and libxslt packages.</listitem>
<listitem>Windows without Cygwin: Download the <ulink url="http://www.zlatkovic.com/pub/libxml/">binary packages</ulink>
from Igor Zlatkovic. At the very least, you'll need iconv, zlib, libxml2 and libxslt.</listitem>
<listitem>Mac OS X with Fink: Get the <code>libxslt</code> package.</listitem>
<listitem>Mac OS X without Fink: <ulink url="http://www.zveno.com/open_source/libxml2xslt.html">Download the libxslt binaries</ulink></listitem>
<listitem>Any platform: <ulink
url="http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT/">libxslt source</ulink>.</listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</listitem>
<listitem><simpara><command>doxygen</command>:</simpara> Available from <ulink url="http://www.doxygen.org">http://www.doxygen.org</ulink></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
<section id="boostbook.setup.autounix">
<title>Automatic setup for Unix-like systems</title>
<para>BoostBook provides a nearly-automatic setup script. Once
you have downloaded and
installed <command>xsltproc</command>, <command>doxygen</command>,
and (optionally) <command>java</command>, the setup script can
download the required DocBook stylesheets, DocBook DTD, and
(when Java is enabled) Apache FOP for PDF output. It will then
configure Boost.Build version 2 to build BoostBook
documentation.</para>
<para>The script requires: <command>sh</command>,
<command>curl</command> and <command>gunzip</command>.
To perform the installation, execute the
script <command>tools/boostbook/setup_boostbook.sh</command>
from a directory where you would like the resulting XSL, DTD,
and Apache FOP installations to occur. </para>
</section>
<section id="boostbook.setup.manual">
<title>Manual setup for all systems</title>
<para>This section describes how to manually configure Boost
Boost version 2 (BBv@) for BoostBook. If you can use the
automatic setup script, you should. All configuration will
happen in the BBv2 user configuration file,
<filename>user-config.jam</filename>. If you do not have a copy
of this file in your home directory, you should copy the one
that resides in <code>tools/build/</code> to your home
directory. Alternatively, you can edit
<filename>tools/build/user-config.jam</filename> directly or
a site-wide <filename>site-config.jam</filename> file.</para>
<section id="boostbook.setup.xsltproc">
<title>Configuring <command>xsltproc</command></title>
<para>To configure <command>xsltproc</command> manually, you
will need to add a directive to
<filename>user-config.jam</filename> telling it where to find
<command>xsltproc</command>. If the program is in your path,
just add the following line to
<filename>user-config.jam</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>using xsltproc ;</programlisting>
<para>If <command>xsltproc</command> is somewhere else, use
this directive, where <code>XSLTPROC</code> is the full
pathname to <command>xsltproc</command> (including
<command>xsltproc</command>):</para>
<programlisting>using xsltproc : XSLTPROC ;</programlisting>
</section>
<section id="boostbook.setup.docbook">
<title>Configuring local DocBook XSL and DTD distributions</title>
<para>This section describes how to configure Boost.Build to
use local copies of the DocBook DTD and XSL stylesheets to
improve processing time. You will first need to download two
packages:
<itemizedlist>
<listitem><para>Norman Walsh's DocBook XSL stylesheets,
available at the <ulink
url="http://docbook.sourceforge.net">DocBook sourceforge
site</ulink>. Extract the DocBook XSL stylesheets to a
directory on your hard disk (which we'll refer to as the
<code>DOCBOOK_XSL_DIR</code>).</para>
</listitem>
<listitem><para>The DocBook DTD, available as a ZIP archive
at the <ulink
url="http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.2/">OASIS
DocBook site</ulink>. The package is called "DocBook XML
4.2". Extract the DocBook DTD to a directory on your hard
disk (which we'll refer to as the
<code>DOCBOOK_DTD_DIR</code>). You will want to extract this
archive in a subdirectory!</para></listitem>
</itemizedlist>
</para>
<para>Add the following directive telling BBv2 where to find
the DocBook DTD and XSL stylesheets:</para>
<programlisting># BoostBook configuration
using boostbook
: DOCBOOK_XSL_DIR
: DOCBOOK_DTD_DIR
;</programlisting>
<para>Whenever you change this directive, you will need to
remove the <code>bin.v2</code> directory that BBv2 generates.
This is due to longstanding bug we are trying to fix.</para>
<para>At this point, you should be able to build HTML
documentation for libraries that do not require Doxygen. To
test this, change into the directory <filename
class="directory">$BOOST_ROOT/libs/function/doc</filename> and
run the command <code>bjam</code>: it should produce HTML
documentation for the Boost.Function library in the
<code>html</code> subdirectory.</para>
</section>
<section id="boostbook.setup.doxygen">
<title>Configuring Doxygen for Documentation Extraction</title>
<para>Doxygen is required to build the documentation for
several Boost libraries. You will need a recent version of
<ulink url="http://www.doxygen.org">Doxygen</ulink> (most of
the 1.3.x and 1.4.x versions will suffice). BBv2 by adding the
following directive to
<filename>user-config.jam</filename>:</para>
<programlisting>using doxygen : DOXYGEN ;</programlisting>
<para><filename>DOXYGEN</filename> should be replaced with the
name of the <command>doxygen</command> executable (with full
path name). If the right <command>doxygen</command> executable
can be found via the path, this parameter can be
omitted, e.g.</para>
<programlisting>using doxygen ;</programlisting>
<important>
<para>The relative order of declarations in
<filename>user-config.jam</filename> /
<filename>site-config.jam</filename> files is
significant. In particular, the <literal>using
doxygen</literal> line should come
<emphasis>after</emphasis> the <literal>using
boostbook</literal> declaration.
</para>
</important>
</section>
<section id="boostbook.setup.fop">
<title>Configuring Apache FOP</title>
<para>In order to generate PDF and PostScript output using
Apache FOP, you will need a <ulink
url="http://java.sun.com">Java interpreter</ulink> and <ulink
url="http://xml.apache.org/fop/download.html">Apache FOP</ulink>
(version 0.20.5 is best). Unpack Apache FOP to some
directory. The top level directory of the FOP tool should
contain a main script called <filename>fop.sh</filename> on Unix
and <filename>fop.bat</filename> on Windows. You need to specify
the location of that script and Java location to
Boost.Build. Add the following to your
<filename>user-config.jam</filename> or
<filename>site-config.jam</filename>:
<programlisting>
using fop : FOP_COMMAND
: JAVA_HOME
;
</programlisting> replacing
<code>FOP_COMMAND</code> with the full path to the FOP main script, and
replacing <code>JAVA_HOME</code> with the directory where Java is
installed. If the <envar>JAVA_HOME</envar> environment variable is
already set, you don't need to specify it above.
</para>
<para>
Proper generation of images in PDFs depends on the <ulink
url="http://java.sun.com/products/jimi/#">Jimi Image
Library</ulink>. To get FOP to use Jimi, extract the
<filename>JimiProClasses.zip</filename> file from the Jimi SDK
and rename it—if on Windows, to
<filename>jimi-1.0.jar</filename>, or if on *nix, to
<filename>JimiProClasses.jar</filename>—and place it in the
<filename>lib/</filename> subdirectory of your FOP
installation.
</para>
<para>To test PDF generation, switch to the directory <filename
class="directory">$BOOST_ROOT/libs/function/doc</filename> and
execute the command <command>bjam pdf</command>. In the
absence of any errors, Apache FOP will be executed to transform
the XSL:FO output of DocBook into a PDF file.</para>
</section>
</section>
<section id="boostbook.setup.running">
<title>Running BoostBook</title>
<para>Once BoostBook has been configured, we can build some
documentation. First, change to the directory
<code>$BOOST_ROOT/doc</code> and remove (or make writable) the
<code>.html</code> files in
<code>$BOOST_ROOT/doc/html</code>. Then, run <code>bjam</code>
to build HTML documentation. You should see several
warnings like these while DocBook documentation is being built
from BoostBook documentation:</para>
<programlisting>Cannot find function named 'checked_delete'
Cannot find function named 'checked_array_delete'
Cannot find function named 'next'</programlisting>
<para>These warnings are emitted when the Boost documentation
tools cannot find documentation for functions, methods, or classes
that are referenced in the source, and are not harmful in any
way. Once Boost.Jam has completed its execution, HTML
documentation for Boost will be available in
<code>$BOOST_ROOT/doc/html</code>. You can also create HTML
documentation in a single (large!) HTML file with the command line
<code>bjam onehtml</code>, or Unix man pages with the command
line <code>bjam man</code>. The complete list of output
formats is listed in <xref
linkend="boostbook.output.formats"/>. Several output formats can
be passed to a single invocation of <code>bjam</code>, e.g.,
<code>bjam html man docbook</code> would generate HTML
(multiple files), man pages, and DocBook documentation.</para>
<table id="boostbook.output.formats">
<title>BoostBook Output Formats</title>
<tgroup cols="2">
<thead>
<row><entry>Format</entry><entry>Description</entry></row>
</thead>
<tbody>
<row>
<entry>html</entry>
<entry><simpara>HTML output (multiple files). This is the default</simpara></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>onehtml</entry>
<entry><simpara>HTML output in a single HTML file.</simpara></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>man</entry>
<entry><simpara>Unix man pages.</simpara></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>pdf</entry>
<entry><simpara>PDF. Requires <ulink url="http://xml.apache.org/fop/index.html">Apache FOP</ulink>.</simpara></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>ps</entry>
<entry><simpara>Postscript. Requires <ulink url="http://xml.apache.org/fop/index.html">Apache FOP</ulink>.</simpara></entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>docbook</entry>
<entry><ulink url="http://www.docbook.org/">DocBook</ulink>.</entry>
</row>
<row>
<entry>fo</entry>
<entry><ulink url="http://www.w3.org/TR/xsl/">XSL Formatting Objects</ulink></entry>
</row>
</tbody>
</tgroup>
</table>
</section>
<section id="boostbook.setup.troubleshooting">
<title>Troubleshooting</title>
<para>The Boost documentation tools are still in their early phase of
development, and some things don't work as seamlessly as we would like
them to, yet. In particular, error messages can be somewhat
uninformative at times. If you find yourself in the situation when
you have double checked everything, and yet things still don't work as
expected, consider helping the tools by deleting
<literal>bin.v2</literal> build directory.
</para>
</section>
</chapter>
<xi:include href="documenting.xml"/>
<xi:include href="together.xml"/>
<xi:include href="reference.xml"/>
</part>