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<title>Incomplete Gamma Function Inverses</title>
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<div class="section">
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<div class="titlepage"><div><div><h3 class="title">
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<a name="math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv"></a><a class="link" href="igamma_inv.html" title="Incomplete Gamma Function Inverses">Incomplete Gamma Function
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Inverses</a>
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</h3></div></div></div>
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<h5>
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<a name="math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv.h0"></a>
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<span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv.synopsis"></a></span><a class="link" href="igamma_inv.html#math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv.synopsis">Synopsis</a>
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</h5>
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<pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">special_functions</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">gamma</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span>
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</pre>
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<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">math</span><span class="special">{</span>
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<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">></span>
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<a class="link" href="../result_type.html" title="Calculation of the Type of the Result"><span class="emphasis"><em>calculated-result-type</em></span></a> <span class="identifier">gamma_q_inv</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">q</span><span class="special">);</span>
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<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <a class="link" href="../../policy.html" title="Chapter 20. Policies: Controlling Precision, Error Handling etc">Policy</a><span class="special">></span>
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<a class="link" href="../result_type.html" title="Calculation of the Type of the Result"><span class="emphasis"><em>calculated-result-type</em></span></a> <span class="identifier">gamma_q_inv</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">q</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="../../policy.html" title="Chapter 20. Policies: Controlling Precision, Error Handling etc">Policy</a><span class="special">&);</span>
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<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">></span>
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<a class="link" href="../result_type.html" title="Calculation of the Type of the Result"><span class="emphasis"><em>calculated-result-type</em></span></a> <span class="identifier">gamma_p_inv</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">p</span><span class="special">);</span>
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<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <a class="link" href="../../policy.html" title="Chapter 20. Policies: Controlling Precision, Error Handling etc">Policy</a><span class="special">></span>
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<a class="link" href="../result_type.html" title="Calculation of the Type of the Result"><span class="emphasis"><em>calculated-result-type</em></span></a> <span class="identifier">gamma_p_inv</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">p</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="../../policy.html" title="Chapter 20. Policies: Controlling Precision, Error Handling etc">Policy</a><span class="special">&);</span>
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<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">></span>
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<a class="link" href="../result_type.html" title="Calculation of the Type of the Result"><span class="emphasis"><em>calculated-result-type</em></span></a> <span class="identifier">gamma_q_inva</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">q</span><span class="special">);</span>
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<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <a class="link" href="../../policy.html" title="Chapter 20. Policies: Controlling Precision, Error Handling etc">Policy</a><span class="special">></span>
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<a class="link" href="../result_type.html" title="Calculation of the Type of the Result"><span class="emphasis"><em>calculated-result-type</em></span></a> <span class="identifier">gamma_q_inva</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">q</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="../../policy.html" title="Chapter 20. Policies: Controlling Precision, Error Handling etc">Policy</a><span class="special">&);</span>
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<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">></span>
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<a class="link" href="../result_type.html" title="Calculation of the Type of the Result"><span class="emphasis"><em>calculated-result-type</em></span></a> <span class="identifier">gamma_p_inva</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">p</span><span class="special">);</span>
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<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <a class="link" href="../../policy.html" title="Chapter 20. Policies: Controlling Precision, Error Handling etc">Policy</a><span class="special">></span>
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<a class="link" href="../result_type.html" title="Calculation of the Type of the Result"><span class="emphasis"><em>calculated-result-type</em></span></a> <span class="identifier">gamma_p_inva</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">p</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="../../policy.html" title="Chapter 20. Policies: Controlling Precision, Error Handling etc">Policy</a><span class="special">&);</span>
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<span class="special">}}</span> <span class="comment">// namespaces</span>
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</pre>
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<h5>
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<a name="math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv.h1"></a>
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<span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv.description"></a></span><a class="link" href="igamma_inv.html#math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv.description">Description</a>
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</h5>
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<p>
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There are four <a href="http://mathworld.wolfram.com/IncompleteGammaFunction.html" target="_top">incomplete
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gamma function</a> inverses which either compute <span class="emphasis"><em>x</em></span>
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given <span class="emphasis"><em>a</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>p</em></span> or <span class="emphasis"><em>q</em></span>,
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or else compute <span class="emphasis"><em>a</em></span> given <span class="emphasis"><em>x</em></span> and either
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<span class="emphasis"><em>p</em></span> or <span class="emphasis"><em>q</em></span>.
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</p>
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<p>
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The return type of these functions is computed using the <a class="link" href="../result_type.html" title="Calculation of the Type of the Result"><span class="emphasis"><em>result
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type calculation rules</em></span></a> when T1 and T2 are different types,
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otherwise the return type is simply T1.
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</p>
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<p>
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The final <a class="link" href="../../policy.html" title="Chapter 20. Policies: Controlling Precision, Error Handling etc">Policy</a> argument is optional and can
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be used to control the behaviour of the function: how it handles errors,
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what level of precision to use etc. Refer to the <a class="link" href="../../policy.html" title="Chapter 20. Policies: Controlling Precision, Error Handling etc">policy
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documentation for more details</a>.
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</p>
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<div class="tip"><table border="0" summary="Tip">
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<tr>
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<td rowspan="2" align="center" valign="top" width="25"><img alt="[Tip]" src="../../../../../../doc/src/images/tip.png"></td>
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<th align="left">Tip</th>
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</tr>
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<tr><td align="left" valign="top">
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<p>
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When people normally talk about the inverse of the incomplete gamma function,
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they are talking about inverting on parameter <span class="emphasis"><em>x</em></span>. These
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are implemented here as <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gamma_p_inv</span></code>
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and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gamma_q_inv</span></code>, and are
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by far the most efficient of the inverses presented here.
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</p>
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<p>
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The inverse on the <span class="emphasis"><em>a</em></span> parameter finds use in some statistical
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applications but has to be computed by rather brute force numerical techniques
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and is consequently several times slower. These are implemented here as
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<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gamma_p_inva</span></code> and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gamma_q_inva</span></code>.
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</p>
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</td></tr>
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</table></div>
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<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">></span>
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<a class="link" href="../result_type.html" title="Calculation of the Type of the Result"><span class="emphasis"><em>calculated-result-type</em></span></a> <span class="identifier">gamma_q_inv</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">q</span><span class="special">);</span>
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<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <a class="link" href="../../policy.html" title="Chapter 20. Policies: Controlling Precision, Error Handling etc">Policy</a><span class="special">></span>
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<a class="link" href="../result_type.html" title="Calculation of the Type of the Result"><span class="emphasis"><em>calculated-result-type</em></span></a> <span class="identifier">gamma_q_inv</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">q</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="../../policy.html" title="Chapter 20. Policies: Controlling Precision, Error Handling etc">Policy</a><span class="special">&);</span>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Returns a value x such that: <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">q</span>
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<span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">gamma_q</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span>
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<span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">);</span></code>
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</p>
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<p>
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Requires: <span class="emphasis"><em>a > 0</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>1 >= p,q >= 0</em></span>.
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</p>
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<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">></span>
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<a class="link" href="../result_type.html" title="Calculation of the Type of the Result"><span class="emphasis"><em>calculated-result-type</em></span></a> <span class="identifier">gamma_p_inv</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">p</span><span class="special">);</span>
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<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <a class="link" href="../../policy.html" title="Chapter 20. Policies: Controlling Precision, Error Handling etc">Policy</a><span class="special">></span>
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<a class="link" href="../result_type.html" title="Calculation of the Type of the Result"><span class="emphasis"><em>calculated-result-type</em></span></a> <span class="identifier">gamma_p_inv</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">p</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="../../policy.html" title="Chapter 20. Policies: Controlling Precision, Error Handling etc">Policy</a><span class="special">&);</span>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Returns a value x such that: <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">p</span>
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<span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">gamma_p</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span>
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<span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">);</span></code>
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</p>
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<p>
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Requires: <span class="emphasis"><em>a > 0</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>1 >= p,q >= 0</em></span>.
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</p>
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<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">></span>
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<a class="link" href="../result_type.html" title="Calculation of the Type of the Result"><span class="emphasis"><em>calculated-result-type</em></span></a> <span class="identifier">gamma_q_inva</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">q</span><span class="special">);</span>
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<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <a class="link" href="../../policy.html" title="Chapter 20. Policies: Controlling Precision, Error Handling etc">Policy</a><span class="special">></span>
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<a class="link" href="../result_type.html" title="Calculation of the Type of the Result"><span class="emphasis"><em>calculated-result-type</em></span></a> <span class="identifier">gamma_q_inva</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">q</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="../../policy.html" title="Chapter 20. Policies: Controlling Precision, Error Handling etc">Policy</a><span class="special">&);</span>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Returns a value a such that: <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">q</span>
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<span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">gamma_q</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span>
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<span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">);</span></code>
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</p>
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<p>
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Requires: <span class="emphasis"><em>x > 0</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>1 >= p,q >= 0</em></span>.
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</p>
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<pre class="programlisting"><span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">></span>
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<a class="link" href="../result_type.html" title="Calculation of the Type of the Result"><span class="emphasis"><em>calculated-result-type</em></span></a> <span class="identifier">gamma_p_inva</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">p</span><span class="special">);</span>
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<span class="keyword">template</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T1</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">class</span> <a class="link" href="../../policy.html" title="Chapter 20. Policies: Controlling Precision, Error Handling etc">Policy</a><span class="special">></span>
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<a class="link" href="../result_type.html" title="Calculation of the Type of the Result"><span class="emphasis"><em>calculated-result-type</em></span></a> <span class="identifier">gamma_p_inva</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">T1</span> <span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">T2</span> <span class="identifier">p</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <a class="link" href="../../policy.html" title="Chapter 20. Policies: Controlling Precision, Error Handling etc">Policy</a><span class="special">&);</span>
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</pre>
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<p>
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Returns a value a such that: <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">p</span>
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<span class="special">=</span> <span class="identifier">gamma_p</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">a</span><span class="special">,</span>
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<span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">);</span></code>
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</p>
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<p>
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Requires: <span class="emphasis"><em>x > 0</em></span> and <span class="emphasis"><em>1 >= p,q >= 0</em></span>.
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</p>
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<h5>
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<a name="math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv.h2"></a>
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<span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv.accuracy"></a></span><a class="link" href="igamma_inv.html#math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv.accuracy">Accuracy</a>
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</h5>
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<p>
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The accuracy of these functions doesn't vary much by platform or by the type
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T. Given that these functions are computed by iterative methods, they are
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deliberately "detuned" so as not to be too accurate: it is in any
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case impossible for these function to be more accurate than the regular forward
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incomplete gamma functions. In practice, the accuracy of these functions
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is very similar to that of <a class="link" href="igamma.html" title="Incomplete Gamma Functions">gamma_p</a>
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and <a class="link" href="igamma.html" title="Incomplete Gamma Functions">gamma_q</a> functions:
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</p>
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<div class="table">
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<a name="math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv.table_gamma_p_inv"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 8.13. Error rates for gamma_p_inv</b></p>
|
|
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Error rates for gamma_p_inv">
|
|
<colgroup>
|
|
<col>
|
|
<col>
|
|
<col>
|
|
<col>
|
|
<col>
|
|
</colgroup>
|
|
<thead><tr>
|
|
<th>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<p>
|
|
GNU C++ version 7.1.0<br> linux<br> double
|
|
</p>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<p>
|
|
GNU C++ version 7.1.0<br> linux<br> long double
|
|
</p>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Sun compiler version 0x5150<br> Sun Solaris<br> long double
|
|
</p>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Microsoft Visual C++ version 14.1<br> Win32<br> double
|
|
</p>
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr></thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
incomplete gamma inverse(a, z) medium values
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 0.993ε (Mean = 0.15ε)</span><br> <br>
|
|
(<span class="emphasis"><em>Rmath 3.2.3:</em></span> Max = 4.88ε (Mean = 0.868ε))
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 1.8ε (Mean = 0.406ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 1.89ε (Mean = 0.466ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 1.71ε (Mean = 0.34ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
incomplete gamma inverse(a, z) large values
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 0ε (Mean = 0ε)</span><br> <br> (<span class="emphasis"><em>Rmath
|
|
3.2.3:</em></span> Max = 0.816ε (Mean = 0.0874ε))
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 0.509ε (Mean = 0.0447ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 0.509ε (Mean = 0.0447ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 0.924ε (Mean = 0.108ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
incomplete gamma inverse(a, z) small values
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 441ε (Mean = 53.9ε)</span><br> <br>
|
|
(<span class="emphasis"><em>Rmath 3.2.3:</em></span> Max = 547ε (Mean = 61.6ε))
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 9.17e+03ε (Mean = 1.45e+03ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 1.09e+04ε (Mean = 1.3e+03ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 1.1e+03ε (Mean = 131ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<br class="table-break"><div class="table">
|
|
<a name="math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv.table_gamma_q_inv"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 8.14. Error rates for gamma_q_inv</b></p>
|
|
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Error rates for gamma_q_inv">
|
|
<colgroup>
|
|
<col>
|
|
<col>
|
|
<col>
|
|
<col>
|
|
<col>
|
|
</colgroup>
|
|
<thead><tr>
|
|
<th>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<p>
|
|
GNU C++ version 7.1.0<br> linux<br> double
|
|
</p>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<p>
|
|
GNU C++ version 7.1.0<br> linux<br> long double
|
|
</p>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Sun compiler version 0x5150<br> Sun Solaris<br> long double
|
|
</p>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Microsoft Visual C++ version 14.1<br> Win32<br> double
|
|
</p>
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr></thead>
|
|
<tbody>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
incomplete gamma inverse(a, z) medium values
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 0.912ε (Mean = 0.154ε)</span><br> <br>
|
|
(<span class="emphasis"><em>Rmath 3.2.3:</em></span> Max = 4.66ε (Mean = 0.792ε))
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 6.2ε (Mean = 0.627ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 6.2ε (Mean = 0.683ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 2.88ε (Mean = 0.469ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
incomplete gamma inverse(a, z) large values
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 0.894ε (Mean = 0.0915ε)</span><br>
|
|
<br> (<span class="emphasis"><em>Rmath 3.2.3:</em></span> Max = 0.894ε (Mean = 0.106ε))
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 0ε (Mean = 0ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 0ε (Mean = 0ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 0.814ε (Mean = 0.0856ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
incomplete gamma inverse(a, z) small values
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 292ε (Mean = 36.4ε)</span><br> <br>
|
|
(<span class="emphasis"><em>Rmath 3.2.3:</em></span> Max = 415ε (Mean = 48.7ε))
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 8.28e+03ε (Mean = 1.09e+03ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 8.98e+03ε (Mean = 877ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 451ε (Mean = 64.7ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</tbody>
|
|
</table></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<br class="table-break"><div class="table">
|
|
<a name="math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv.table_gamma_p_inva"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 8.15. Error rates for gamma_p_inva</b></p>
|
|
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Error rates for gamma_p_inva">
|
|
<colgroup>
|
|
<col>
|
|
<col>
|
|
<col>
|
|
<col>
|
|
<col>
|
|
</colgroup>
|
|
<thead><tr>
|
|
<th>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<p>
|
|
GNU C++ version 7.1.0<br> linux<br> double
|
|
</p>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<p>
|
|
GNU C++ version 7.1.0<br> linux<br> long double
|
|
</p>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Sun compiler version 0x5150<br> Sun Solaris<br> long double
|
|
</p>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Microsoft Visual C++ version 14.1<br> Win32<br> double
|
|
</p>
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr></thead>
|
|
<tbody><tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Incomplete gamma inverses.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 0ε (Mean = 0ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 7.87ε (Mean = 1.15ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 4.08ε (Mean = 1.12ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 4.92ε (Mean = 1.03ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr></tbody>
|
|
</table></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<br class="table-break"><div class="table">
|
|
<a name="math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv.table_gamma_q_inva"></a><p class="title"><b>Table 8.16. Error rates for gamma_q_inva</b></p>
|
|
<div class="table-contents"><table class="table" summary="Error rates for gamma_q_inva">
|
|
<colgroup>
|
|
<col>
|
|
<col>
|
|
<col>
|
|
<col>
|
|
<col>
|
|
</colgroup>
|
|
<thead><tr>
|
|
<th>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<p>
|
|
GNU C++ version 7.1.0<br> linux<br> double
|
|
</p>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<p>
|
|
GNU C++ version 7.1.0<br> linux<br> long double
|
|
</p>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Sun compiler version 0x5150<br> Sun Solaris<br> long double
|
|
</p>
|
|
</th>
|
|
<th>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Microsoft Visual C++ version 14.1<br> Win32<br> double
|
|
</p>
|
|
</th>
|
|
</tr></thead>
|
|
<tbody><tr>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Incomplete gamma inverses.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 0ε (Mean = 0ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 8.42ε (Mean = 1.3ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 7.86ε (Mean = 1.24ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
<td>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<span class="blue">Max = 5.05ε (Mean = 1.08ε)</span>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr></tbody>
|
|
</table></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<br class="table-break"><h5>
|
|
<a name="math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv.h3"></a>
|
|
<span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv.testing"></a></span><a class="link" href="igamma_inv.html#math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv.testing">Testing</a>
|
|
</h5>
|
|
<p>
|
|
There are two sets of tests:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; ">
|
|
<li class="listitem">
|
|
Basic sanity checks attempt to "round-trip" from <span class="emphasis"><em>a</em></span>
|
|
and <span class="emphasis"><em>x</em></span> to <span class="emphasis"><em>p</em></span> or <span class="emphasis"><em>q</em></span>
|
|
and back again. These tests have quite generous tolerances: in general
|
|
both the incomplete gamma, and its inverses, change so rapidly that round
|
|
tripping to more than a couple of significant digits isn't possible.
|
|
This is especially true when <span class="emphasis"><em>p</em></span> or <span class="emphasis"><em>q</em></span>
|
|
is very near one: in this case there isn't enough "information content"
|
|
in the input to the inverse function to get back where you started.
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li class="listitem">
|
|
Accuracy checks using high precision test values. These measure the accuracy
|
|
of the result, given exact input values.
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<h5>
|
|
<a name="math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv.h4"></a>
|
|
<span class="phrase"><a name="math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv.implementation"></a></span><a class="link" href="igamma_inv.html#math_toolkit.sf_gamma.igamma_inv.implementation">Implementation</a>
|
|
</h5>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The functions <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gamma_p_inv</span></code>
|
|
and <a href="http://functions.wolfram.com/GammaBetaErf/InverseGammaRegularized/" target="_top"><code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gamma_q_inv</span></code></a> share a common implementation.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
First an initial approximation is computed using the methodology described
|
|
in:
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=23109&coll=portal&dl=ACM" target="_top">A.
|
|
R. Didonato and A. H. Morris, Computation of the Incomplete Gamma Function
|
|
Ratios and their Inverse, ACM Trans. Math. Software 12 (1986), 377-393.</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
Finally, the last few bits are cleaned up using Halley iteration, the iteration
|
|
limit is set to 2/3 of the number of bits in T, which by experiment is sufficient
|
|
to ensure that the inverses are at least as accurate as the normal incomplete
|
|
gamma functions. In testing, no more than 3 iterations are required to produce
|
|
a result as accurate as the forward incomplete gamma function, and in many
|
|
cases only one iteration is required.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The functions <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gamma_p_inva</span></code>
|
|
and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gamma_q_inva</span></code> also share
|
|
a common implementation but are handled separately from <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gamma_p_inv</span></code>
|
|
and <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gamma_q_inv</span></code>.
|
|
</p>
|
|
<p>
|
|
An initial approximation for <span class="emphasis"><em>a</em></span> is computed very crudely
|
|
so that <span class="emphasis"><em>gamma_p(a, x) ~ 0.5</em></span>, this value is then used
|
|
as a starting point for a generic derivative-free root finding algorithm.
|
|
As a consequence, these two functions are rather more expensive to compute
|
|
than the <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gamma_p_inv</span></code> or
|
|
<code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">gamma_q_inv</span></code> functions. Even
|
|
so, the root is usually found in fewer than 10 iterations.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<table xmlns:rev="http://www.cs.rpi.edu/~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
|
|
<td align="left"></td>
|
|
<td align="right"><div class="copyright-footer">Copyright © 2006-2019 Nikhar
|
|
Agrawal, Anton Bikineev, Paul A. Bristow, Marco Guazzone, Christopher Kormanyos,
|
|
Hubert Holin, Bruno Lalande, John Maddock, Jeremy Murphy, Matthew Pulver, Johan
|
|
Råde, Gautam Sewani, Benjamin Sobotta, Nicholas Thompson, Thijs van den Berg,
|
|
Daryle Walker and Xiaogang Zhang<p>
|
|
Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
|
|
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt" target="_top">http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt</a>)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</div></td>
|
|
</tr></table>
|
|
<hr>
|
|
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|
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